Table 3 Random effect results for knowledge of the fertility period and its individual and community level factors: evidence from KDHS (N = 16,901)

Log-likelihood

-10778.136

-10446.272

-986.5695

-928.77009

ICC (%)

18.84

16.24

14.00

12.10

AIC

21560.27

20942.54

1985.139

1915.54

BIC

21575.74

21135.92

2017.734

2073.082

Deviance

21556.272

20892.544

1973.139

1857.5402

PCV (%)

Ref

4.0

26.3

40.8

Wald chi‑square and p‑value

Ref

X² = 614.33,, p < 0.001

X²⁼5.43, p < 0.001

X²⁼108.90, p < 0.001