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Table 2 Variables included in the Women Empowerment Index (SWPER) for Ghana

From: Spatial Heterogeneity and association between the survey-based Women’s Empowerment Index (SWPER) and unmet need for birth spacing in sub-Saharan Africa

Variable

Category

Code

Attitude to violence

Beating justified if wife goes out without telling husband

Yes = -1; Don’t Know = 0; No = 1

High (score > 0.400) Medium (score > -0.700 ≤ 0.400) Low (score ≤ -0.700)

if wife neglects the children

if wife argues with husband

if wife refuses to have sex with husband

if wife burns the food

Autonomy

Frequency of reading newspapers or magazine

Not at all = 0; < once a week = 1; ≥ once a week = 2

High (score > 0.293) Medium (score > -0.559 ≤ 0.293)

Low (score ≤ -0,559)

Respondent worked in last 12 months

No = 0; In the past year = 1; Have a job, but on leave last 7 days = 2; Currently working = 2

Woman education – years of schooling

Years

Education difference: woman—husband years of Schooling

Years

Age difference: woman—husband

Years

Age at first cohabitation

Years

Age of respondent at 1st birth

Years

Decision making

Who usually decides on respondent's health care

Husband/other alone = -1; joint = 0; respondent alone = 1

High (score > 0.600) Medium (score > -1.000 ≤ 0.600)

Low (score ≤ -1.000)

Who usually decides on large household purchases

Who usually decides on visits to family or relatives