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Table 3 Frequencies and bivariate analysis of variables associated with unmet need for spacing

From: Spatial Heterogeneity and association between the survey-based Women’s Empowerment Index (SWPER) and unmet need for birth spacing in sub-Saharan Africa

Variable

Freq (%)

No unmet need

Unmet need

p-value

% [95%CI]

% [95%CI]

Unmet need for spacing

 no unmet need

137,734(83.4)

   

 unmet need

27,454(16.6)

   

Age

   

 < 0.001

15–19

11,992(7.3)

78.1 [77.1–79.0]

21.9 [21.0–22.9]

 

20–24

31,067(18.8)

79 [78.4–79.6]

21 [20.4–21.6]

 

25–29

37,783(22.9)

80.4 [79.9–81.0]

19.6 [19.0–20.1]

 

30 = 34

33,044(20)

83.2 [82.7–83.7]

16.8 [16.3–17.3]

 

35–39

26,944(16.3)

86.8 [86.2–87.3]

13.2 [12.7–13.8]

 

40–44

15,981(9.7)

91.6 [91.0–92.1]

8.4 [7.9–9.0]

 

45–49

8378(5.1)

94.4 [93.8–95.0]

5.6 [5.0–6.2]

 

Total children ever born

   

 < 0.001

No child

10,266(6.2)

88.2 [87.3–88.9]

11.8 [11.1–12.7]

 

1–2

54,908(33.2)

81.1 [80.6–81.6]

18.9 [18.4–19.4]

 

3–4

48,253(29.2)

82.8 [82.3–83.2]

17.2 [16.8–17.7]

 

5 + 

51,760(31.3)

85.4 [85.0–85.8]

14.6 [14.2–15.0]

 

Wealth index

   

 < 0.001

Poorest

33,001(20)

81.8 [81.2–82.3]

18.2 [17.7–18.8]

 

Poorer

33,717(20.4)

82.1 [81.5–82.6]

17.9 [17.4–18.5]

 

Middle

32,661(19.8)

82.8 [82.2–83.4]

17.2 [16.6–17.8]

 

Richer

32,812(19.9)

84 [83.4–84.6]

16 [15.4–16.6]

 

Richest

32,998(20)

86.2 [85.6–86.8]

13.8 [13.2–14.4]

 

Religion

   

 < 0.001

Christian

143,143(86.7)

83.7 [83.4–84.0]

16.3 [16.0–16.6]

 

Non Christian

21,567(13.1)

81.4 [80.5–82.2]

18.6 [17.8–19.5]

 

No religion

479(0.3)

66.1 [59.6–72.1]

33.9 [27.9–40.4]

 

Place of residence

   

0.448

Urban

55,123(33.4)

83.2 [82.6–83.8]

16.8 [16.2–17.4]

 

Rural

110,065(66.6)

83.5 [83.1–83.8]

16.5 [16.2–16.9]

 

Attitude to violence SWPER score

   

 < 0.001

Low

41,584(25.2)

82.3 [81.7–82.8]

17.7 [17.2–18.3]

 

Medium

29,092(17.6)

82.5 [81.9–83.1]

17.5 [16.9–18.1]

 

High

94,511(57.2)

84.1 [83.8–84.5]

15.9 [15.5–16.2]

 

Autonomy SWPER score

   

 < 0.001

Low

47,027(28.5)

82.4 [81.9–82.9]

17.6 [17.1–18.1]

 

Medium

59,088(35.8)

82.2 [81.7–82.6]

17.8 [17.4–18.3]

 

High

59,073(35.8)

85.4 [85.0–85.8]

14.6 [14.2–15.0]

 

Decision making SWPER score

   

 < 0.001

Low

34,242(20.7)

80 [79.5–80.6]

20 [19.4–20.5]

 

Medium

78,113(47.3)

83.2 [82.9–83.6]

16.8 [16.4–17.1]

 

High

52,833(32)

85.8 [85.3–86.2]

14.2 [13.8–14.7]

 

Total

165,188(100)

83.4 [83.1–83.7]

16.6 [16.3–16.9]

 

Sub-region

   

 < 0.001

Southern Africa

4495(2.7)

92.6 [91.0–93.9]

7.4 [6.1–9.0]

 

Western Africa

65,090(39.4)

79.8 [79.3–80.3]

20.2 [19.7–20.7]

 

Eastern Africa

81,478(49.3)

86.9 [86.5–87.3]

13.1 [12.7–13.5]

 

Central Africa

14,125(8.6)

76.5 [75.3–77.6]

23.5 [22.4–24.7]