Table 4 Determinants of infertility among respondents at public health facilities of Gamo Zone and South Omo zone

Age^b

 < 30

98(64.5%)

449(73.8%)

1

1

0.001

 ≥ 30

54(35.6%)

159(26.2%)

1.56

7.373

3.707

Educational status^a

No formal education

40(26.5%)

99(16.3%)

1

1

Elementary

51(33.8%)

127(20.9%)

2.57

1.146

0.567

0.704

High school^a

34(22.8%)

210(34.5%)

2.56

0.422

0.194

0.029

College or university

26(17.8%)

172(28.3%)

1.03

1.001

0.402

0.999

Residence ^b

Urban

50(32.9%)

389(57.8%)

1

1

0.001

Rural

102(77.1%)

219(42.2%)

3.62

2.727

1.491

Income

 < 5000

82(53.9)

206(33.9)

1

1

 ≥ 5000

70(46.1)

402(64.1)

2.28

0.850

0.462

0.61

Husband’s educational status

No formal education

26(17.1%)

84(13.8%)

1

1

Elementary

20(13.2%)

52(8.6%)

1.24

0.670

0.229

0.463

High school

62(40.8%)

183(30.1%)

1.1

0.930

0.309

0.898

College or university

44(28.9%)

289(47.5%)

0.49

0.729

0.187

0.649

Family size^b

 < 4

145(95.4%)

373(61.3)

13.05

25.498

9.485

0.001

 > 5

7(4.6%)

235(38.7)

1

1

Age at first marriage

 ≤ 19

70(46.1)

236(38.8)

1

1

0.429

 ≥ 20

82(53.9)

372(61.2)

0.74

0.809

0.479

History of abortion^a

Yes

33(21.7)

58(9.5)

2.63

2.008

1.034

0.040

No

119(78.3)

550(90.5)

1

1

Contraceptive ever use^b

Yes

22(14.5)

255(41.9)

1

1

0.001

No

130(85.5)

353(58.1)

4.23

3.998

2.073

Family history of infertility

Yes

11(7.2)

106(17.4)

0.37

1

0.357

No

141(92.8)

502(82.6)

1

1.490

0.637

STI^b

No

127(83.6%)

582(95.7%)

1

1

0.000

Yes

25(16.4%)

26(4.3%)

3.95

6.007

2.233

Husband’s History of STI

Yes

13(8.6%)

16(2.6%)

3.49

1

0.802

No

139(91.4%)

592(97.4%)

1

0.850

0.240

Current alcohol drinking

Yes

8(5.3)

4(0.7)

8.45

9.419

1.405

0.02

No

143(94.7)

604(99.3)

1

1

Current Khat chewing

Yes

2(1.3)

1(0.2)

0.12

1

0.294

No

149(98.7)

607(99.8)

1

0.217

0.010

Pattern of menstrual cycle^b

Regular

104(68.9)

445(73.2)

1

1

0.003

Irregular

47(31.1)

163(26.8)

1.23

2.354

1.333

multiple sexual partner

No

144(94.3%)

594(97.7%)

1

1

Yes

8(5.7%)

14(2.3%)

2.35

1.196

0.329

0.785

BMI

Healthy(< 18.5)

128(84.2)

374(61.5)

1

1

Underweight(18.5–25)

2(1.3)

2(0.3)

2.92

1.383

0.140

0.781

Overweight(25–30)

20(13.2)

204(33.6)

0.29

0.479

0.253

0.054

Obesity(> 30)

2(1.3)

28(4.6)

0.21

0.117

0.014

0.061