Table 4 Factors associated with short inter-pregnancy interval, Arsi and East Shoa, 2022
Variables | Inter-pregnancy Interval | cOR(95% CI) | ajOR (95% CI) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 24 months | ≥24 months |  |  |  | |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 15–25 | 68 | 185 | 0.89(0.61–1.28) | 0.97(0.61–1.53) | 0.89 |
 >25 | 91 | 219 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Rural | 131 | 322 | 1.19(0.74–1.92) | 1.70(0.95–3.05) | 0.07 |
 Urban | 28 | 82 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Religion | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Muslim | 97 | 273 | 0.86(0.42–1.75) | 1.01(0.43–2.35) | 0.99 |
 Christian | 50 | 102 | 1.19(0.56–1.52) | 1.33(0.58–3.02) | 0.50 |
 Other | 12 | 29 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Women’s Education level |  |  |  |  |  |
 Secondary & above | 27 | 42 | 1.41(0.78–2.56) | 0.60(0.29–1.22) | 0.16 |
 Primary education (1–8) | 86 | 261 | 0.72(0.47–1.11) | 0.54(0.30–0.79) | 0.04* |
 No formal education | 46 | 101 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Husband’s Education level |  |  |  |  |  |
 Secondary & above | 45 | 105 | 0.69(0.38–1.26) | 1.82(0.88–3.73) | 0.11 |
 Primary education (1–8) | 88 | 257 | 0.55(0.32–0.96) | 0.82(0.51–1.34) | 0.43 |
 No formal education | 26 | 42 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Low use of contraception contributes to the higher SIPI | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 149 | 333 | 0.32(0.16–0.63) | 0.33(0.16–0.68) | 0.01* |
 no | 10 | 71 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Received ANC during the previous pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 147 | 381 | 0.74(0.36–1.52) | 0.74(0.32–1.69) | 0.47 |
 no | 12 | 23 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Facility birth for the previous pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 83 | 214 | 0.97(0.67–1.40) | 0.84(0.48–1.49) | 0.56 |
 no | 76 | 190 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Received PNC during the previous pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 73 | 169 | 1.180.82–1.71) | 0.88(0.45–1.72) | 0.71 |
 no | 86 | 235 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Counseling about HTSP during ANC | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 79 | 181 | 1.22(0.84–1.76) | 1.35(0.85–2.16) | 0.20 |
 no | 80 | 223 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Counseling about HTSP during Delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 34 | 87 | 0.99(0.63–1.55) | 0.89(0.49–1.63) | 0.71 |
 no | 125 | 317 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Counseling about HTSP during PNC | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 50 | 103 | 1.34(0.89–1.01) | 1.56(0.79–3.09) | 0.20 |
 no | 109 | 301 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Women perceive that SIPI can impact adverse maternal health outcome | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 147 | 374 | 0.98(0.49–1.97) | 1.22(0.53–2.79) | 0.64 |
 no | 12 | 30 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Women perceive that SIPI can impact preterm birth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 112 | 293 | 0.90(0.60–1.35) | 0.84(0.53–1.35) | 0.48 |
 no | 47 | 111 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Women perceive that SIPI can impact low birth weight | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 145 | 360 | 1.27(0.67–2.38) | 1.37(0.64–2.93) | 0.422 |
 no | 14 | 44 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Women perceive that SIPI can impact small for gestational age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 125 | 337 | 0.73(0.46–1.16) | 0.57(0.32–0.94) | 0.04* |
 no | 34 | 67 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Women perceive that SIPI can impact birth defect | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 yes | 65 | 202 | 0.69(0.48-1.00) | 0.63(0.40–0.96) | 0.04* |
 no | 94 | 202 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Preceding child sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 94 | 227 | 1.13(0.78–1.64) | 1.18(0.80–1.76) | 0.40 |
 Female | 65 | 177 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |
Total alive children in the family | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 one | 25 | 61 | 1.09(0.62–1.94) | 1.23(0.66–2.31) | 0.51 |
 two | 33 | 97 | 0.91(0.55–1.52) | 1.18(0.67–2.11) | 0.57 |
 three | 51 | 112 | 1.22(0.77–1.94) | 1.17(0.70–1.95) | 0.55 |
 four & above | 50 | 134 | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |