Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression: determinants of unmet need for FP among adolescent and young women in Uttar Pradesh, 2019–21

Place of residence

 Urban

ref.

 Rural

1.188

0.117

0.080

0.980

1.441

Wealth status

 Poorest

ref.

 Poorer

0.902

0.067

0.168

0.779

1.044

 Middle

0.900

0.077

0.218

0.761

1.064

 Richer

0.901

0.089

0.294

0.742

1.094

 Richest

0.755

0.094

0.023

0.592

0.962

Education

 Illiterate

ref.

 Primary

0.959

0.100

0.687

0.782

1.176

 Secondary

1.159

0.094

0.070

0.988

1.360

 Higher

1.213

0.131

0.074

0.982

1.499

Occupation

 Not working

ref.

 Working

0.635

0.143

0.044

0.408

0.988

 Don’t know/missing

0.700

0.138

0.070

0.476

1.030

Age group

 15–24

ref,

 25–34

0.896

0.079

0.212

0.754

1.065

Number of living children

 At most one

ref.

 Two children

1.419

0.098

0.000

1.238

1.625

 Three Children

1.505

0.204

0.003

1.154

1.963

 Four & above

1.205

0.442

0.612

0.587

2.474

Age at Marriage

 < 14 years

ref.

 15–19 years

1.048

0.117

0.677

0.842

1.304

 20–24 years

1.129

0.141

0.331

0.884

1.442

Caste

 SC/ST

ref.

 OBC

0.951

0.088

0.589

0.793

1.140

 Others

1.121

0.081

0.113

0.973

1.292

Religion

 Non-Muslim

ref.

 Muslim

0.888

0.078

0.176

0.747

1.055

Media exposure

 No

ref.

 Partial

0.844

0.042

0.001

0.765

0.930

 Full

0.943

0.083

0.502

0.794

1.120

Sex preference

 No preference

ref.

 Son preference

1.044

0.072

0.530

0.912

1.195

 Girl preference

0.953

0.197

0.815

0.635

1.430

Women empowerment

 Full decision & no violence

ref.

 Partial decision & no violence

0.751

0.192

0.264

0.454

1.241

 No decision & no violence

1.307

0.287

0.223

0.850

2.011

 Full decision & violence

1.196

0.201

0.288

0.860

1.664

 Partial decision & violence

1.322

0.338

0.276

0.800

2.183

 No decision & violence

0.904

0.243

0.708

0.534

1.530

 Constant

0.164

0.036

0.000

0.107

0.251

 LR test vs. logistic model: chi2(2)

245.660

 Prob > chi2

0.000

 Wald chi2(28)

70.99

Random-effects Parameters

 District (SD)

0.506

0.054

0.000

0.410

0.623

 Cluster (SD)

0.538

0.058

0.000

0.435

0.665